There's a very similar result in hyperbolic geometry which basically says the eigenvalues that correspond to waves moving in negatively curved space follow these very specific rules, and there's some really beautiful aspect, and there's actually a relationship between those thingsbetween those waves and the eigenvalues that come from the waves, and the geometry in these geometric data. When you go and you're around such incredible, brilliant people that go on to do such amazing thingsbeing around so many Nobel Prize winners for example, or knowing that a couple people in your class are going to go win Nobel Prizes, it forces you to say, "Well, if they can do it, what's holding me back? SpaceX designs, manufactures and launches rockets and spacecraft. ZIERLER: [laughs] Shaun, let's establish now some context. Basically, starting in eighth grade, I got really disillusioned with school. I saw these 12 questions and sat down outside his office and started thinking through how to solve these. Ive started five companies. Those are things that Google should be investing like crazy into, because those are existential risks to their core business on a 20 year time frame. MAGUIRE: The day after I defended, I flew to Israel to get married, literally. He said that maybe nature has this weird property that sometimes you know the physics of what's happening in some region of space, maybe all you need to know is what's happening on the boundary of that space. I try to keep up with all those fields. Maybe five years later the physicists will go learn the math required to talk to him. In high school, I didn't know about the IMO, USAMO, AIME, or any of these things. MAGUIRE: I joined the group in 2012. This wasnt necessarily what I thought I would do long term. He is a Co-Founder and served as Board Member at Expanse. MAGUIRE: That was another thing, is that I am athere's this joke at Caltech (MIT does this too): How do you tell the difference between introverts and extroverts at Caltech? The way John works, is it's really a Socratic style. At that moment, he becomes your advisor. When I was at GV I invested in Stripe. So, I tried to bring some of the hyperbolic geometry ideas into this field. But going back a long ways, going back to when I first started at Caltech, I thought I would probably be a professor, but when I went to DARPA, that was the moment when I had to choose between the two. It was when I was at DARPA, that's when I got exposed to quantum information. It may seem like a really small thing, but it's the only clue we have that there needs to be something new. He's a professor I believe now at Chapman University, spent the early part of his career in Israel. I think that for a lot of people that come from a pure physics background, it's hard for them to talk to Alexei because he really is talking as a mathematician. I can't remember the exact other things in the very beginning when I joined the group, but I can tell you the themes over the whole ten years or whatever. Shaun Maguire is Partner at Sequoia Capital. [laughs] Math is math, and there's a pretty good history of the math becoming reality. There are certain shapes that have differentthey have the same eigenvalues, same to the Laplacian, with different geometries. It was still pretty easy for me. I started the second company with two friends and I got to know a lot of VCs raising money for it. With my cybersecurity companyI really helped start many companies, but the cybersecurity company onewhich was called Qadium, but then we renamed it to Expansethat's the only one where I was really full-time with my company for many years. What were people excited about? That kicked off a whole new passion in space, and that led to learning about black holes and getting absolutely fascinated by black holes. In some ways there's a parallel to the past. This all happened in a curved space, a Minkowski space. By navigating this website you agree to our cookie policy. Then, sometime in tenth grade decided I just had to leave school, so I took this thing called the California High School Proficiency Exam which is a GED equivalency, and left, and went to community college for two years while my friends were finishing high school. Privy makes Simple APIs to manage user data off-chain. I'd been at Google Ventures for three years, and I had the opportunity to move to Sequoia which is the best venture capital firm in the world, so it was hard to say no to. It's incredibly common in the history of technology. Gather hosts virtual spaces for work and play. I had been very lucky to meet this guy, Patrick Collison, who's a pretty famous founder now. As ever with high-earning, high-profile . Basically, I was investing in companies and taking board seats. Or is it still premature? The day I got back, I went to graduation. In other words, the experimentalists joining matter to the theory, did that register with you at all? It was a tiny department. Stanford does amazing research, but Stanford has a lot of faculty and a lot of money, and I actually think Caltech has higher quality research per capita. For a lot of decision making, centralization can be better for certain types of decisions.. One of the ways to measure this is, what do people do on their weekends? I think most string theorists have beenmost, not all, some of them have been very arrogantbut the vast majority have been very measured in how they've thought about string theory and the current state of string theory and all that. People don't really use that as an example. Seed/Early. So, I felt like if I'm ever going to do something in business, I'm never going to get a shot this good, so I kind of had to do that in my mind. ZIERLER: Just to clarify, when you came to Caltech, you were already admitted, but it was not certain at that point that you'd be John Preskill's student? Previously he Co-Founded Expanse which was acquired by Palo Alto Networks for $800M. Honestly, at the end of my PhD I had three full-time jobs. People don't quite give credit, but Caltech's own Arnold Beckman in many ways was maybe the first VC. The hardware is going to be really valuable. The first one was a failure, three of them have been successful, and one is too early to call. I was kind of doing both: doing the company and grad school. AMP Robotics is changing the face of recycling with high-speed guided robotics. I sent him a picture. What has stayed with you from IQIM and Caltech in general? John was a huge part in this holographic principle idea. But even more important to me is someone thats just irrationally motivated. I know that's a long answer. Physna codifies 3D models into detailed data for software applications. And what happens, the wave function collapse moment is when you need an advisor to sign somethingthere are certain things at Caltech where you need an advisor's signature, so the first time that happens, when you've been going to his group meetings for a few months, you kind of go to him and say, "So, I need this signature. DeSo is a layer-1 blockchain custom-built to scale decentralized social applications. Then that person got mad and left the conversation and left Patrick and me talking. They're not that" They're really, really smart, but having that exposure really raises your own personal ambition. Caldera enables dynamic Web3 experiences by enabling developers to launch performant application-specific blockchains. Candidly, with my background of 1.8 GPA in high school and an F in algebra 2, beggars can't be choosers. I think Stanford is the other extreme, where Stanford in a lot of ways is just like, you go to Stanford because you want to start a company, and it's going to be the stepping stone to starting a company or joining a hot startup. This firewall paradox really sharply showed that quantum information will play a fundamental role in resolving, in terms of understanding the nuance between general relativity and quantum mechanics, just in a really sharp way. At Caltech there was this guy, Jerry MarsdenJerrold Marsdenwho is an absolute legend in space physics. In the late 90s, Juan Maldacena had a big breakthrough there. I honestly didn't feel like I deserved to be in that world, and I didn't know enough to even know how to get started until I was coming back. As someone who loves quantum information, I'll be thrilled with that. Oskar Painter. MAGUIRE: My read is John is just testing your commitment. Mathematicians have studied hyperbolic geometry to death and have learned incredibly beautiful things. I was lucky enough to work with him. Maguire said that more important than decentralization for its own sake, is the ability of users to be able to leave with their identity and data, an effort which should protect consumers from platform overreach. MAGUIRE: It's one of these weird things. A prerequisite to that is special relativity. Was he a hands-on advisor? It's my Hogwarts. Another example is fiber-optic communication, where in the late 90s, early 2000s, there was an incredible amount of venture capital money and government subsidies that went into building fiber infrastructure. I always had that passion, but I've had the science passion which really started with astronomy. He doesn't tell you where you're going. I have a degree from Stanford. I went to public school in Orange County, California. She recruited me onto a pretty crazy project related to the war in Afghanistan. I think I will definitely have more involvement with Caltech at some point in my life. So, that was one example of something. It was basically learning, reading papers, talking to lots of people, going to group meetings for a long time. ZIERLER: Yup. I sold it for a billion dollars, all of that. There are a lot of people in that camp. It's actually breaking in some ways right now via Apple. We don't need to know the exact algorithms that are going to run. It's a very interesting style. Caltech means a lot to me. So, I've always been attracted to people like that. It's not a regulated monopoly, but they havenot supposed to say thisbut they have a monopoly on search. I had a really horrible experience, to be honest. His name is Doug Borcoman [?]. Moore's law had to keep running for an extra five years, and no one knew how long it would run for. I was absolutely fascinated by where things come from, how energy works, oil and gas, chemicals industry, things like that, pharma. ZIERLER: To foreshadow to what happened next, were you on a trajectory of pursuing an academic career and then some opportunity came up? It was really lonely and solitary. You can register here. I had a pretty good intuition about how to solve them and ended up talking to Professor Arratia. That's not the fully burdened, fully level-ized cost, but just the instantaneous production cost. When the Figma acquisition happened, it caused a lot of our other portfolio companies to raise their ambition. Sequoia partners and specialists help outlier founders at every stage bend the arc of the possible. When I came to Caltech, I was going to work with Jerry Marsden. Being able to stay on top of it and having a lot of my friends be the ones pushing it forward, it's kind of enough for me. I've invested in a lot of companies. He serves as a Board Member at Luminar, Knowde & Gather. I viewed that field, the stuff that John was working on, as the absolute top of physics, and I didn't think I had the background yet to be in that world. It turns out the answer is no. The best founders are just so obsessed with what theyre doing that they cannot turn off. Identified as v4.0.2Now with Pre-Seed Investor Lists FAQ Aharonov is one of these guys that's always doing things very differently than other people. I had this unbelievably lucky thing: one of my friends' dad was a local community college professor. I emailed him from Afghanistan and said, "I'm coming back to Caltech. Rob is another legend of the field. That's how I got to know Google Ventures. So, I jumped on that bandwagon, joined that group of people. LayerZero is an omnichain interoperability protocol that enables trustless cross-chain dApp development. He never tries to make you feel stupid. Once you get to the cutting edge, it's not that hard to keep up. I had some aptitude. A saddle is what we call negatively curved. Or are you thinking about actual wormholes? You can interpret that as a lower bound of the masses of particles allowed in the space. Do we live in a many worlds thing? MAGUIRE: That's a great question. Then the next version of that is to tear them down and make them seem like they were too arrogant, like, "Oh, it's not working." Shaun Maguire is a partner at Sequoia, has founded two companies (one in space technologies and another in global internet security) and holds a PhD in physics from Caltech. It took me years after to really understand it. Mathematicians know a lot of things; I don't think we're yet well-known enough by the physicists.
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