[111], The most massive globular cluster in the Andromeda Galaxy, B023-G078, likely has a central intermediate black hole of almost 100,000 solar masses. The narrative began in the early 1900s when astronomer Vesto Slipher computed Andromeda's radial velocity or the rate at which the galaxy was traveling toward or away from Earth. Find the distance in miles between our galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy. [107] The globular with the greatest apparent brightness is G76 which is located in the southwest arm's eastern half. The Milky Way is a barred galaxy with a diameter of 100,000200,000 light-years and an estimated visual diameter of 100,000200,000 light-years. [94] The eccentricity is such that stars linger at the orbital apocenter, creating a concentration of stars. [101] An observation campaign of NuSTAR space mission identified 40 objects of this kind in the galaxy. The farthest known galaxy is 13 billion light-years away. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Contractor, What distinguishes them from the globular clusters is that they are much largerseveral hundred light-years acrossand hundreds of times less dense. It has been postulated that such an eccentric disk could have been formed from the result of a previous black hole merger, where the release of gravitational waves could have "kicked" the stars into to their current eccentric distribution. Simulations of galaxies indicate the halo formed at the same time as the Andromeda Galaxy. The nearest major spiral galaxy to our own Milky Way galaxy, the Andromeda Galaxy (also called M31) is 2,538,000 light years from Earth. The Andromeda (pronounced An drah' mid a) Galaxy lies about 2 1/2 million light years from Earth. If you cant see the Andromeda galaxy with the eye alone, by all means use binoculars. If we assume Andromeda has been moving at the same speed without accelerating, then in the last 2.5 million years, Andromeda has moved only 900 light-years closer to us. [74], A study in 2005 by the Keck telescopes shows the existence of a tenuous sprinkle of stars, or galactic halo, extending outward from the galaxy. The Andromeda Galaxy (commonly, M31) may be viewed with the naked eye in the constellation Andromeda. The LMC is full of interesting objects including diffuse nebulae, globular and open clusters, planetary nebulae, and more. They make great gifts. Thank you ! As a result, some consider G1 to be the remnant core of a dwarf galaxy that was consumed by Andromeda in the distant past. AstroFile Future Fate of the Milky Way Galaxy. Astronomers thought this patch of light was composed of glowing gases, or was perhaps a solar system in the process of formation. Join Us in Tucson for Our Annual Public Star Party! Another massive globular cluster, named 037-B327 and discovered in 2006 as is heavily reddened by the Andromeda Galaxy's interstellar dust, was thought to be more massive than G1 and the largest cluster of the Local Group;[108] however, other studies have shown it is actually similar in properties to G1. [22] Pierre Louis Maupertuis conjectured in 1745 that the blurry spot was an island universe. How far is Alpha Centauri in miles and au's? The two galaxies will merge a few billion . You can also use the Great Square of Pegasus. In the sci-fi series "Star Trek," spaceships rapidly travel from one part of the universe to another using warp drives. The farther away a galaxy is, the more time its light has to travel to reach us, and so the redder its light becomes. Order now. The Andromeda is a spiral galaxy, like the Milky Way, with widespread projections of stars entwined around a distinct center. Galileo Galilei used his telescope for the very first time in 1610 to resolve a band of light into individual stars. If you like what you have found out so far, read on to find out more answers to questions like: will the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies collide someday? Omissions? As a result, he was able to come up with a distance estimate of 500,000ly (3.21010AU). He's a sundial aficionado, whose love for the heavens has taken him to Lake Titicaca in Bolivia and sailing in the North Atlantic, where he earned his celestial navigation certificate through the School of Ocean Sailing and Navigation. Only in the 1920s did the American astronomer Edwin Powell Hubble determine conclusively that the Andromeda was in fact a separate galaxy beyond the Milky Way. We hope you love our recommendations for products and services! [21] In 1612, the German astronomer Simon Marius gave an early description of the Andromeda Galaxy based on telescopic observations. This may indicate a common tidal origin for the satellites. Using the formula time = distance/velocity, we can estimate how long ago Andromeda was from the point of view of our mixed style. [70] This suggests that the latter once experienced a great star formation phase, but is now in a relative state of quiescence, whereas the Milky Way is experiencing more active star formation. The spiral arms of the Andromeda Galaxy are being distorted by gravitational interactions with two companion galaxies, M32 and M110. We are. Corrections? The Andromeda-Milky Way collision is a galactic collision predicted to occur in about 4.5 billion years between the two largest galaxies in the Local Groupthe Milky Way (which contains the Solar System and Earth) and the Andromeda Galaxy. Viewed 2k times 0 A light year, the distance light travels in 1 year, is approximately 5.9 x 10 ^12 miles. This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher, STARMUS VI: The out-of-this-world science and arts festival will see speakers including Chris Hadfield and Kip Thorne celebrate 50 years of exploration on Mars, Queen guitarist Brian May and David Eicher launch new astronomy book. The Ultimate List of TV Shows set in Space or on Other Planets, The Planets and Moons of Star Wars to Scale. So astronomical units are a great way to compress truly astronomical numbers to a more manageable size. The microquasar was the first observed within the Andromeda Galaxy and the first outside of the Milky Way Galaxy. NASA, ESA, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel/STScI, T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger, Hunting rogue black holes in the Milky Way, Catch a lunar eclipse: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher, Aurorae throughout our solar system and beyond, Astronomers are using AI to discover fledgling planets, 'Einstein rings' around distant galaxies inch us closer to solving dark matter debate, Building telescopes on the Moon could transform astronomy, See the Lyrid meteor shower: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher, Watch the crescent Moon slide by Venus: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher, The Galilean moons of Jupiter and how to observe them, Get ready for a rare hybrid eclipse: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher, Target the tiny planet Mercury: This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher, What is dark matter? According to NASA astronomers in 2012, itll be four billion years from now. Sounds pretty far away, but put into perspective, if the entire known Universe were represented by a full-sized football stadium (seating included), then the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy--the farthest we can see with our eyes in the dark of the cosmos--would be about three inches away. 21 October 1997. [33] Edwin Hubble settled the debate in 1925 when he identified extragalactic Cepheid variable stars for the first time on astronomical photos of Andromeda. The Andromeda Galaxy, which appears as a milky blur to the naked eye, is one of not many galaxies that can be visible to the naked eye. This artist's concept shows the night sky from Earth in 3.75 billion years: Andromeda is much closer . [127][128][129][130] The galaxy is commonly located in the sky about the constellations Cassiopeia and Pegasus. [106] It contains several million stars and is about twice as luminous as Omega Centauri, the brightest known globular cluster in the Milky Way. This does not influence our choices. [65] Should this continue, the luminosity of the Milky Way may eventually overtake that of the Andromeda Galaxy. How far is 2.2 million light years? So, we see Andromeda as it was 2.5 million years in the past. [96], While at the initial time of its discovery it was hypothesized that the brighter portion of the double nucleus is the remnant of a small galaxy "cannibalized" by the Andromeda Galaxy,[97] this is no longer considered a viable explanation, largely because such a nucleus would have an exceedingly short lifetime due to tidal disruption by the central black hole. Astronomers didn't figure out until the 20th century how to break the Andromeda spiral nebula down and locate individual stars. Definite possibility describes much of what we know or think we know about the universe. It has a diameter of almost 200,000 light-years. Kidadl is supported by you, the reader. [56][57][58], In addition to stars, the Andromeda Galaxy's interstellar medium contains at least 7.2109M[59] in the form of neutral hydrogen, at least 3.4108M as molecular hydrogen (within its innermost 10 kiloparsecs), and 5.4107M of dust. The speed of light in a vacuum is about 186,282 miles per second (299,792 . The distance to the Andromeda galaxy is 2.2 x 10 6 light-years. The velocities slowly decline beyond that distance, dropping to around 200km/s (120mi/s) at 80,000ly (5.1109AU). We will always aim to give you accurate information at the date of publication - however, information does change, so its important you do your own research, double-check and make the decision that is right for your family. The TRGB method was also used in 2005 giving a distance of 2.5610^60.0810^6ly (1.61910115.1109AU). The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is the closest large galaxy to the Milky Way and is one of a few galaxies that can be seen unaided from the Earth. Alternative spiral structures have been proposed such as a single spiral arm[80] or a flocculent[81] pattern of long, filamentary, and thick spiral arms. Both the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxies lay claim to about a dozen satellite galaxies. Is the Andromeda Galaxy further than the Milky Way? Until the early '20s, most astronomers believed that the Milky Way contained all of the stars in the universe. The current distance between the Earth and Andromeda Galaxy is around 2.5 million light-years. On top of that, theres one more factor we dont know well: Is Andromeda headed straight for us, or is it aimed off to the side? The Small and Large Magellanic Clouds are located 165,000 light years and 195,000 light years away respectively. Valerie Mikles and a higher mass for the Milky Way. An estimation done with the help of Spitzer Space Telescope published in 2010 suggests an absolute magnitude (in the blue) of 20.89 (that with a color index of +0.63 translates to an absolute visual magnitude of 21.52,[a] compared to 20.9 for the Milky Way), and a total luminosity in that wavelength of 3.641010L.[69]. The Andromeda Galaxy has been visible to the naked eye, given dark skies, throughout history; as such, it cannot be said to have been "discovered" by any one individual. This galaxy has an elliptical shape, and its orbit passes over the galactic poles of the Milky Way. Astronomers Nab Culprit in Galactic Hit-and-Run", Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, "Planetary camera observations of the double nucleus of M31", "On the Formation of an Eccentric Nuclear Disk following the Gravitational Recoil Kick of a Supermassive Black Hole", "Hubble Space Telescope Finds a Double Nucleus in the Andromeda Galaxy", "The Andromeda Galaxy has a Double Nucleus", "Andromeda Galaxy Scanned with High-Energy X-ray Vision", "Microquasar in Andromeda Galaxy Amazes Astronomers", "Hubble Spies Globular Cluster in Neighboring Galaxy", "The Not So Extraordinary Globular Cluster 037-B327 in M31", "Intermediate age clusters in the field containing M31 and M32 stars", "Apart from Andromeda, are any other galaxies moving towards us? The gas and dust within the galaxy are generally formed into several overlapping rings, with a particularly prominent ring formed at a radius of 32,000ly (9.8kpc) from the core,[85] nicknamed by some astronomers the ring of fire. NASA/GSFC. Astronomers discovered variable star called novae in Andromeda in 1917, and quickly realized that they were 10 times less bright than similar objects in the Milky Way. Three spiral galaxies have projected orbital trajectories, our Milky Way, Andromeda (M31), and Triangulum (M33). But, colliding galaxies do interact via gravity, which will cause them to change shape and even merge into a larger galaxy. Bruce McClure served as lead writer for EarthSky's popular Tonight pages from 2004 to 2021, when he opted for a much-deserved retirement. It spans around 5.5 million light-years. Roberts mistook Andromeda and similar "spiral nebulae" as star systems being formed. Now it is just a unit conversion problem. 2.537 million light years Andromeda Galaxy/Distance to Earth. ", "When Our Galaxy Smashes Into Andromeda, What Happens to the Sun? Astronomers sometimes call the Andromeda galaxy by the name Messier 31, or M31. The dimmer concentration, P2, falls at the true center of the galaxy and contains a black hole measured at 35 107 M in 1993,[91] and at 1.12.3 108 M in 2005. Modern astronomers are continuing to calculate the distance to Andromeda. Milky Way Galaxy to the Andromeda Galaxy is 2.2 x 106 X 5.88x1012= 12.936 x1018 miles. In 1991, the Hubble Space Telescope was used to image the Andromeda Galaxy's inner nucleus. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. How far away is the Andromeda Galaxy? The Andromeda Galaxy is speeding toward us, but it will take 4 billion years to get here. [21] [83] This can be seen by the displacement of the neutral hydrogen clouds from the stars. [122] Andromeda Galaxy's tangential or sideways velocity concerning the Milky Way is relatively much smaller than the approaching velocity and therefore it is expected to collide directly with the Milky Way in about 2.5-4billion years. The Andromeda Galaxy's dwarf galaxy population is very similar to the Milky Way's, but the galaxies are much more numerous. When will they collide? This finding sparked debate about whether the other spiral nebulae and the Andromeda spiral nebula are part of the Milky Way or not. [86] This ring is hidden from visible light images of the galaxy because it is composed primarily of cold dust, and most of the star formation that is taking place in the Andromeda Galaxy is concentrated there. [120], The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about 110 kilometres (68 miles) per second. The human eye can see far beyond Earth's horizon. However, it is so far away that is only appears as a faint cloud in the night sky. The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is the closest spiral galaxy to us, and though it's gravitationally bound to the Milky Way, it's not the closest galaxy by far - being 2 million light years away . [109], Unlike the globular clusters of the Milky Way, which show a relatively low age dispersion, Andromeda Galaxy's globular clusters have a much larger range of ages: from systems as old as the galaxy itself to much younger systems, with ages between a few hundred million years to five billion years. How long does . The rate of novae in the Milky Way is also double that of the Andromeda Galaxy. It is currently unknown whether it is a satellite of Andromeda. The light we see from it tonight left it more than 2 million years ago, when our species was just . The Virgo Supercluster is thought to be one of millions of superclusters in the observable universe. The spiral arms of the Andromeda Galaxy are outlined by a series of HII regions, first studied in great detail by Walter Baade and described by him as resembling "beads on a string". Spiral nebulae, like Andromeda, were named from their spiral shapes. The Andromeda Galaxy, commonly known as the Andromeda Nebula, is a huge spiral galaxy that is present inside the constellation Andromeda. One of the explanations for this is the gravitational lensing of a red giant by a star with a mass between 0.02 and 3.6 times that of the Sun, which suggested that the star is likely orbited by a planet. When the visual and absolute magnitudes are known, the distance to the star can be calculated. The magnitude of nebulas, or huge clouds of gas, is likewise remarkable. Its diameter is thought to be about 110 million light-years. Huggins discovered that the light spectra of M31 differed significantly from those of the other nebulae when he did so. signal, Andromeda | 896 views, 32 likes, 1 loves, 2 comments, 6 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Elon Musk Zone: 1 MINUTE AGO! Things moving away from us have light that is Doppler shifted toward the red end of the spectrum; things moving toward us have light shifted toward the blue. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window). [87], Later studies with the help of the Spitzer Space Telescope showed how the Andromeda Galaxy's spiral structure in the infrared appears to be composed of two spiral arms that emerge from a central bar and continue beyond the large ring mentioned above. Astronomers can use what are called surface brightness fluctuations (SBF, for short), along with the color of a galaxy, to calculate how far away it is from earth. This patch of light was assumed to be made up of incandescent gases or a solar system in the process of development by astronomers. And with telescopes, we can see many more distant galaxies. If youd like more info on galaxies, check out Hubblesites News Releases on Galaxies, and heres NASAs Science Page on Galaxies. Both are 100,000 light-years in diameter and contain enough mass to produce billions of stars. At a billion. Theyre some of most beautiful deep-sky objects known. Andromeda is a "close by" or "neighborhood" galaxy; it is generally believed to be about 2.2 million light years away. As of 2019, current calculations based on escape velocity and dynamical mass measurements put the Andromeda Galaxy at 0.81012M,[55] which is only half of the Milky Way's newer mass, calculated in 2019 at 1.51012M. Excluding the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, visible from Earths Southern Hemisphere, the Andromeda galaxy is the brightest external galaxy you can see. Wouldnt its actual position be 2.5 million light-years closer, and shouldnt it be colliding with our galaxy now? He referred to it in his Book of Fixed Stars as a "nebulous smear" or "small cloud".[19][20]. The Milky Way has multiple satellite galaxies and is a member of the Local Group, which is part of the Virgo Supercluster, which is part of the Laniakea Supercluster. [131] From the Southern Hemisphere the Andromeda Galaxy is visible between October and December, best viewed from as far north as possible. [84], In 1998, images from the European Space Agency's Infrared Space Observatory demonstrated that the overall form of the Andromeda Galaxy may be transitioning into a ring galaxy. If finally confirmed, it would be the first ever found extragalactic planet. In approximately 4.5 billion years the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way are expected to collide and the result will be a giant elliptical galaxy. At Kidadl we pride ourselves on offering families original ideas to make the most of time spent together at home or out and about, wherever you are in the world. The Galaxy M33 could be responsible for some warp in Andromeda's arms, though more precise distances and radial velocities are required. By signing up you may also receive reader surveys and occasional special offers. The Andromeda galaxy is the most distant object in the sky that you can see with your unaided eye. [/caption] Question. Andromeda is a spiral galaxy of similar size, so we can think of it as a second CD. [77] His descriptions of the spiral structure, as each arm crosses the major axis of the Andromeda Galaxy, are as follows[78]pp1062[79]pp92: Since the Andromeda Galaxy is seen close to edge-on, it is difficult to study its spiral structure. But if you dont manage to easily see it, you can star-hop to find the galaxy in one of two ways. The Milky Way is about 100,000 light-years across. In 2003, astronomers calculated that Andromeda is 2.57 million light-years away. In late August and early September, begin looking for the galaxy in mid-evening, about midway between your local nightfall and midnight. Observers using telescopes to search for comets had been seeing 'nebulae' for some time, a name that referred to any blurry night-sky object that wasn't a comet. Last chance to join our 2020 Costa Rica Star Party! Searching the photographic record, 11 more novae were discovered. The Andromeda Galaxy has a very crowded double nucleus. So although it does appear that this galaxy is approaching our Milky Way galaxy its nothing to lose sleep over. The Andromeda Galaxy, which appears as a milky blur to the naked eye, is one of not many galaxies that can be visible to the naked eye. He mentioned Andromeda in it and the location of the Large Magellanic Cloud, a much smaller satellite galaxy of our Milky Way. In 2012, a microquasar, a radio burst emanating from a smaller black hole was detected in the Andromeda Galaxy. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A: Ever since we could measure the movement of Andromeda, weve known it was on a collision course with the Milky Way. This collision stripped more than half the mass from the smaller M32 and created the ring structures in Andromeda. 2023 Astronomy Calendar & Observer's Handbook, Meet the Milky Way's neighbor: the Andromeda Galaxy, Warning: Objects in the cosmos are larger than they appear, Astronomy Magazine Collection 2016-2020 DVD-ROM. While Andromeda is the largest galaxy in the Local Cluster it may not be the most massive. Any information you provide to us via this website may be placed by us on servers located in countries outside the EU if you do not agree to such placement, do not provide the information. This nomenclature was subsequently adopted for stars within the Milky Way, and elsewhere. The Andromeda Galaxy is about 13.2 x 10 18 miles and 142 x 10 9 au away. ", "How to See the Farthest Thing You Can See", "Globular Clusters in the Andromeda Galaxy", Andromeda Galaxy at The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, & Spaceflight, "Strange Setup: Andromeda's Satellite Galaxies All Lined Up", Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk of Blue Stars Around Black Hole, Andromeda Galaxy (M31) at Constellation Guide, Hubble's High-Definition Panoramic View of the Andromeda Galaxy, Infrared-Radio Image of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), Creative Commons Astrophotography M31 Andromeda image download & processing guide, Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andromeda_Galaxy&oldid=1152434610, Astronomical objects known since antiquity, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. If the electronic technology were at anywhere within the entire Universe and Earth we could communicate instantly, NOT ever using the extreme slow li. We recommend that these ideas are used as inspiration, that ideas are undertaken with appropriate adult supervision, and that each adult uses their own discretion and knowledge of their children to consider the safety and suitability. In a dark sky, you can see that its big on the sky as well, a smudge of distant light larger than a full moon. But even at. It's about 140,000 light years across (the Milky Way is about 100,000 for comparison . As for the Andromeda galaxy and its future collision with our Milky Way: the first attempt to measure the radial velocity of this galaxy (its motion forward or back, along our line of sight) was made in 1912. [72], There are various methods used in astronomy in defining the size of a galaxy, and each method can yield different results concerning one another. The Magellanic Clouds are irregular dwarf galaxies orbiting our Milky Way galaxy. [93], It has been proposed that the observed double nucleus could be explained if P1 is the projection of a disk of stars in an eccentric orbit around the central black hole. Alpha Centauri is 4.4 light years away from us. It is our closest big galaxy (catalog numbers NGC 224 and M31). The Andromeda Galaxy has a very crowded double nucleus. After that, astronomers believed for some decades that the galaxy was approaching at nearly 200 miles per second (300 km/s), but later astronomers disagreed. Fueled by gravity, the two galaxies are hurtling toward one another at 402,000 kilometers per hour. A light year is the distance light travels in a year .. about 6 million, million miles (#5.879 xx 10^12# miles if you understand that method of writing large numbers. The galaxies are rushing closer to one another at about 70 miles per second (112 kilometers . Its peculiar close companion, M32, shows a structure that indicates that it was formerly a normal, more massive galaxy that lost much of its outer parts and possibly all of its globular clusters to M31 in a past encounter. Deep scans of the Andromeda Galaxy's outer regions have revealed large clouds and star streams structures. James Webb Telescope Recieves Alarming Signal From Andromeda Galaxy! At this. When you buy through the links on our site we may earn a commission. Enjoying EarthSky? [88] The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are expected to collide in around 45 billion years,[14] merging to potentially form a giant elliptical galaxy[15] or a large lenticular galaxy. Baade identified two distinct populations of stars based on their metallicity, naming the young, high-velocity stars in the disk Type I and the older, red stars in the bulge Type II. According to recent studies, the Andromeda Galaxy lies in what in the Galaxy colormagnitude diagram is known as the "green valley", a region populated by galaxies like the Milky Way in transition from the "blue cloud" (galaxies actively forming new stars) to the "red sequence" (galaxies that lack star formation). The Milky May is thought to contain more dark matter, which could make it much more massive. The light from it that we see right now is 2.5 million years old. We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. The galaxy's official discovery was made in 1994 by Gerry Gilmore and Mike Irwin, and it was described as the Milky Way's nearest neighbor. Fortunately, a galaxy is much heftier than a photon, and it is not flying toward us at the speed of light, so we have a little more than 2.5 million years to prepare. No dust is visible. Can you work out this distance in metres? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). While this could be partially resolved if P1 had its own black hole to stabilize it, the distribution of stars in P1 does not suggest that there is a black hole at its center. The halo is enriched in elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, formed from supernovae, and its properties are those expected for a galaxy that lies in the "green valley" of the Galaxy colormagnitude diagram (see below). And yet another technique in 2005 put it at 2.56 million light-years away. The Andromeda Galaxy is the most distant object you can spot with the naked eye. The rotational velocity has a maximum value of 225km/s (140mi/s) at 1,300ly (82,000,000AU) from the core, and it has its minimum possibly as low as 50km/s (31mi/s) at 7,000ly (440,000,000AU) from the core. [44], At least four distinct techniques have been used to estimate distances from Earth to the Andromeda Galaxy. Analysis of the cross-sectional shape of the galaxy appears to demonstrate a pronounced, S-shaped warp, rather than just a flat disk. However, even the unaided eye can see the Andromeda Galaxy. How many miles from Earth is the Andromeda Galaxy ? Astronomers are currently working on trying to confirm it, and if they do, it would be the first official extragalactic planet ever found. The stars involved are sufficiently far apart that it is improbable that any of them will individually collide. The A stars are not evident in redder filters, but in blue and ultraviolet light they dominate the nucleus, causing P2 to appear more prominent than P1. [117], The Triangulum Galaxy is a non-dwarf galaxy that lies 750,000 light years from Andromeda. Kidadl provides inspiration to entertain and educate your children. The Andromeda galaxy (M31) is located at the coordinates RA: 0h 42.7m; Dec: 41o 16 north. In terms of the universe, this truly is "very close by". By joining Kidadl you agree to Kidadls Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and consent to receiving marketing communications from Kidadl. To support his claim of the Great Andromeda Nebula being, in fact, an external galaxy, Curtis also noted the appearance of dark lanes within Andromeda which resembled the dust clouds in our own galaxy, as well as historical observations of Andromeda Galaxy's significant Doppler shift.
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