[53], Sherman's San Francisco branch closed in May 1857, and he relocated to New York City on behalf of the same bank, travelling on the steamer SS Central America. [252], During the election of 1876, Southern Democrats who supported Wade Hampton for governor used mob violence to attack and intimidate African American voters in Charleston. Sherman appointed Brig. They were the parents of at least 1 son and 3 daughters. [188][191], Sherman's military legacy rests primarily on his command of logistics and on his brilliance as a strategist. [240], When Grant became president in 1869, Sherman was appointed Commanding General of the United States Army and promoted to the rank of full general. He led the capture of the strategic city of Atlanta, a military success that contributed to the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln. [23] Sherman roomed with and befriended another important future Civil War general for the Union, George H. Thomas. Sherman died of pneumonia in New York City at 1:50PM on February 14, 1891, six days after his 71st birthday. Sherman then succeeded Grant at the head of the Army of the Tennessee. Sheridan used hard-war tactics similar to those he and Sherman had employed in the Civil War. (Microfilm Edition) University of Notre Dame Descriptive information at http://archives.nd.edu/findaids/ead/html/shr.htm William Tecumseh Sherman (1820 -1891) was one of the most prominent of the Union's Civil War generals and for many years thereafter Commanding General of the Army. But you cannot have peace and a division of our country. After his father's death, the nine-year-old Sherman was raised by a Lancaster neighbor and family friend, attorney Thomas Ewing, a prominent member of the Whig Party who served as senator from Ohio and as the first Secretary of the Interior. They had eight children: Maria Ewing Sherman Fitch, Mary Elizabeth Sherman, William Tecumseh Sherman, Jr., Thomas Ewing Sherman, Eleanor Mary Sherman Thackara, Rachel Ewing Sherman Thorndike, Charles Celestine. [104][105] Arkansas Post was taken by the Union army and navy on January 11, 1863. [229] He testified in the trial on April 11 and 13, 1868. [10], Sherman was born in 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, near the banks of the Hocking River. He took no precautions beyond strengthening his picket lines, and refused to entrench, build abatis, or push out reconnaissance patrols. As the foster son of a prominent Whig politician, in Charleston the popular Lieutenant Sherman moved within the upper circles of Old South society. [152] Thereafter, his troops did relatively little damage to the civilian infrastructure. [a] According to Sherman's Memoirs, he was named "William Tecumseh", his father having "caught a fancy for the great chief of the Shawnees, 'Tecumseh'". The army took 4,000 prisoners and commandeered many wagons and horses. [254] On April 11, 1880, he addressed a crowd of more than 10,000 in Columbus, Ohio: "There is many a boy here today who looks on war as all glory, but, boys, it is all hell. Sherman served under Grant in 1862 and 1863 in the Battle of Fort Henry and the Battle of Fort Donelson, the Battle of Shiloh, the campaigns that led to the fall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River, and the Chattanooga campaign, which culminated with the routing of the Confederate armies in the state of Tennessee. In early 1858, he returned to California to finalize the bank's outstanding accounts there. Therefore, he believed that the North had to conduct its campaign as a war of conquest, employing scorched earth tactics to break the backbone of the rebellion. At 8 p.m. on Jan. 12, 1865, days after his "march to the sea," Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman met with 20 Black ministers on the second floor of his headquarters in Savannah, Ga. Union Army - U.S. Civil War. [230] He was successful in negotiating other treaties, such as the removal of Navajos from the Bosque Redondo to traditional lands in Western New Mexico. [142] Sherman then dispatched a message to Lincoln, offering him the city as a Christmas present.[143][e]. William Tecumseh Sherman (/tkms/ tih-KUM-s;[4][5] February 8, 1820 February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. Sherman was distantly related to US founding father Roger Sherman. Early life and career Charles Taylor Sherman, Judge 1811-1879 Married 2 February 1841, Mansfield, Richland Co., OH, toEliza Jane Williams 1822-1888; Mary Elizabeth Sherman 1812-1900 Married 19 October 1829, Lancaster, Fairfield Co., OH, toWilliam James Reese 1804-1883; John Sherman, Sen. 1823-1900 When comparing Sherman's scorched-earth campaigns to the actions of the British Army during the Second Boer War (18991902) another war in which civilians were targeted because of their central role in sustaining a belligerent power South African historian Hermann Giliomee claims that it "looks as if Sherman struck a better balance than the British commanders between severity and restraint in taking actions proportional to legitimate needs". Sherman expressed grave concerns about the North's poor state of preparedness for the looming civil war, but he found Lincoln unresponsive. [229], When the Medicine Lodge Treaty failed in 1868, Sherman authorized his subordinate in Missouri, Major General Philip Sheridan, to lead the winter campaign of 18681869, of which the Battle of Washita River was part. Shortly after the Union forces occupied Corinth on May 30, Sherman persuaded Grant not to resign from his command, despite the serious difficulties he was having with Halleck. His father was a prominent lawyer, but when he died suddenly in 1829, he left his wife and eleven children with limited financial resources. [231] In 1871, Sherman ordered that the leaders of the Warren Wagon Train Raid, an attack by a Kiowa and Comanche war party from which Sherman himself had narrowly escaped, be tried for murder in Jacksboro, Texas. [179][180] According to historian Eric Foner, "the 'Colloquy' between Sherman, Stanton, and the black leaders offered a rare lens through which the experience of slavery and the aspirations that would help to shape Reconstruction came into sharp focus."[176]. [148][149] His army proceeded north through South Carolina against light resistance from the troops of Confederate general Johnston. [232], Sherman regarded the expansion of the railroad system "as the most important element now in progress to facilitate the military interests of our Frontier". This helped ensure that the Mississippi River would remain in Union hands for the remainder of the war. Like Grant, he graduated from the military academy at West Point. William Tecumseh (W.T.) Senator Ewing secured an appointment for the 16-year-old Sherman as a cadet in the United States Military Academy at West Point. [155], In late March, Sherman briefly left his forces and traveled to City Point, Virginia, to confer with Grant. 15. "[27] Sherman was later stationed in Georgia and South Carolina. According to Sherman's biographer Robert O'Connell, "Shiloh marked the turning point of his life. [76] During the fighting, Sherman was grazed by bullets in the knee and shoulder. [128][129] Meanwhile, in August, Sherman "learned that I had been commissioned a major-general in the regular army, which was unexpected, and not desired until successful in the capture of Atlanta". From then on Sherman lived with his family's neighbor and friend, Senator Ewing. Sherman's success in Georgia received ample coverage in the Northern press at a time when Grant seemed to be making little progress in his fight against Confederate general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. [26], Upon graduation in 1840, Sherman entered the army as a second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Sherman conducted the ensuing Jackson Expedition, which concluded successfully on July 25 with the re-capture of the city of Jackson. Grant then ordered Thomas to attack at the center of the Confederate line. Sherman observed but did not join in the religious ceremonies of the Ewing household. Brother of Charles Taylor Sherman, Mary Elizabeth (Sherman) Reese, James Sherman, Amelia (Sherman) McComb, Julia Ann (Sherman) Willock, Lampson Parker Sherman, John H. Sherman, Susan Denman (Sherman) Bartley, Hoyt Sherman and Frances Beecher (Sherman) Moulton This frontal assault was intended as a diversion, but it unexpectedly succeeded in capturing the enemy's entrenchments and routing the Confederate Army of Tennessee, bringing the Union's Chattanooga campaign to a successful completion. [110] When Vicksburg fell on July 4, 1863, after a prolonged siege, the Union achieved a major strategic victory, putting navigation along the Mississippi River entirely under Union control and effectively cutting off the western half of the Confederacy from the eastern half. He married Mary Elizabeth Berry on 15 October 1899, in Greenwood, Kansas, United States. [226] Tasked with guarding a vast territory with limited forces, Sherman grew weary of the multitude of requests for military protection addressed to him. . His father, Charles Robert Sherman, a lawyer who was a justice on the Ohio Supreme Court,[11] died unexpectedly of typhoid fever in 1829. [72] On June 3, he wrote in a letter to his brother-in-law: "I still think it is to be a long warvery longmuch longer than any Politician thinks. Lampson Parker Sherman . He passed away on 30 June 1951 in Virginia, St Louis, Minnesota, USA. National Archives. [178] On January 12, Sherman and Stanton met in Savannah with twenty local black leaders, most of them Baptist or Methodist ministers, invited by Sherman. Perhaps best known for his 1864 "March to the Sea," William Tecumseh "Cump" Sherman (1820-1891) was born in Lancaster, Ohio. When William Tecumseh Sherman Harper was born on 30 June 1865, in Des Moines, Polk, Iowa, United States, his father, James Madison Harper, was 33 and his mother, Lydia Jane Lamb, was 31. [10][259] During this period, he remained in contact with war veterans, and he was an active member of various social and charitable organizations. Sherman then became the military governor of occupied Memphis. However, he died when Sherman was just 9 and left his widow with 11 children to bring up and very little money. If your people will but stop and think, they must see in the end that you will surely fail. William tecumseh sherman children.General William Tecumseh Sherman is best remembered for his leadership during the Civil War. Local Native American Lumbee guides helped Sherman's army cross the Lumber River, which was flooded by torrential rains, into North Carolina. Gen. Rufus Saxton, an abolitionist from Massachusetts who had previously directed the recruitment of black soldiers, to implement that plan. Learn more about possible network issues or contact support for more help. He was stationed in Kentucky, where his pessimism about the outlook of the war led to a breakdown that required him to be briefly put on leave. The Sherman House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Civil War Preservation Trail and has been a memorial to the family since 1951. I know him well. [282] In 1888, Sherman wrote publicly that "my immediate family are strongly Catholic. Father James A. Ryder, president of Georgetown College, officiated at the Washington, D.C., ceremony. [176] Their fate soon became a pressing military and political issue. This was the largest single capitulation of the war. [12] He left his widow, Mary Hoyt Sherman, with eleven children and no inheritance. Sherman also earned money from surveying and by the sale of lots in Sacramento and Benicia. [130][d], Sherman's Atlanta campaign concluded successfully on September 2, 1864, with the capture of the city, which Hood had been forced to abandon. "Yes," Grant replied, puffing on his cigar. One of his younger brothers, John Sherman, was one of the founders of the Republican Party and served as a U.S. congressman, senator, and cabinet secretary. Nicholas Street Austin Butler TV and Movie Actor 6th cousin 6 times removed via Richard Raymond Brewster H. Shaw NASA Astronaut 6th cousin 5 times removed If one of them becomes President, it will be all in the family.". During this time he was a member of the Indian Peace Commission. He married Eleanor Boyle Ewing on 1 May 1850, in Washington D.C., United States. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (18611865), achieving recognition for his command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the scorched-earth policies that he implemented against the Confederate States. [124] As Grant took overall command of the armies of the United States, Sherman wrote to him outlining his strategy to bring the war to an end: "If you can whip Lee and I can march to the Atlantic I think ol' Uncle Abe [Lincoln] will give us twenty days leave to see the young folks. When Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 8 February 1820, in Lancaster, Fairfield, Ohio, United States, his father, Hon. [267] President Benjamin Harrison, who served under Sherman, sent a telegram to Sherman's family and ordered all national flags to be flown at half staff. His performance was praised by Grant and Halleck and after the battle he was promoted to major general of volunteers, effective May 1, 1862. [133] According to Holden-Reid, "Sherman did more than any other man apart from the president in creating [the] climate of opinion" that afforded Lincoln a comfortable victory over McClellan at the polls. Sherman was not the only successful member of his family. Born William Tecumseh SHERMAN American soldier, businessman, educator and author Born on February 08, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, USA , United States Died on February 14, 1891 in New York City, New York, USA Born on February 08 50 Deceased on February 14 32 Family tree Report an error Sherman Daniel 1721 - 1799 Taylor Mindwell 1720 - 1798 Stoddard Grant may have had to intervene to save Sherman from dismissal for having overstepped his authority. Like Grant, he was born in Ohio. At the insistence of Johnston, Confederate president Jefferson Davis, and Confederate Secretary of War John C. Breckinridge, Sherman conditionally agreed to generous terms that dealt with both military and political issues. William Tecumseh Sherman, was born February 8, 1820, in Lancaster, Ohio. [47], Sherman suffered from asthma attacks, which he attributed in part to stress caused by the city's aggressive business culture. After his father's death, the nine-year-old Sherman was raised by a Lancaster neighbor and family friend, attorney Thomas Ewing. William Tecumseh Sherman 1820 - 1891. According to critic Edmund Wilson, Sherman: [H]ad a trained gift of self-expression and was, as Mark Twain says, a master of narrative. See more Charles Taylor Sherman (Feb. 3, 1811-Jan. 1, 1879) Mary Elizabeth Sherman Reese (April 21, 1812-Aug. 1900) [123] When Lincoln called Grant east in the spring of 1864 to take command of all the Union armies, Grant appointed Sherman (by then known to his soldiers as "Uncle Billy") to succeed him as head of the Military Division of the Mississippi, which entailed command of Union troops in the Western Theater of the war. Sherman's initial assignments were rear-echelon commands, first of an instructional barracks near St. Louis and then in command of the District of Cairo. As a man, Sherman was an eccentric mixture of strength and weakness. 15", "Hard War in Virginia during the Civil War", "James M. Calhoun, Mayor, E. E. Pawson and S. C. Wells, representing City Council of Atlanta", "The complicated history of Gen. Philip Sheridan", "Timeline: A Chronology of Key Events in the Life of William T. Sherman, 18201891", "Sorrow at the Capital: Formal Announcement by the President Eulogies in the Senate", "In Headquarters, Military Division of the Mississippi In the Field, Savannah, Geo. Seven children were born to William and Mehetabel Sherman: William Jr., Mehetabel, Roger (April 19, 1721), Elizabeth, Nathaniel, Josiah, and Rebecca. Charles Robert Sherman and Mary Sherman. Sherman believed that bison eradication should be encouraged as a means of weakening Indian resistance to assimilation. [138], After November elections, Sherman began marching on November 15 with 62,000 men in the direction of the port city of Savannah, Georgia,[139] living off the land and causing, by his own estimate, more than $100million in property damage. According to Sherman, the trek across the Lumber River, and through the swamps, pocosins, and creeks of Robeson County was "the damnedest marching I ever saw". [299] The admiration of scholars such as B. H. Liddell Hart,[300] Lloyd Lewis, Victor Davis Hanson,[301] John F. Marszalek,[302] and Brian Holden-Reid[303] for Sherman owes much to what they see as an approach to the exigencies of modern armed conflict that was both effective and principled. At the White House, Sherman met with Abraham Lincoln a few days after his inauguration as president of the United States. [19][20] As an adult, Sherman signed all his correspondence including to his wife "W. T. [126] He conducted a series of flanking maneuvers through rugged terrain against Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston's Army of Tennessee, attempting a direct assault only at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain. [292] This led to the publication of several works, notably John B. Walters's Merchant of Terror: General Sherman and Total War (1973),[293] that presented Sherman as responsible for "a mode of warfare which transgressed all ethical rules and showed an utter disregard for human rights and dignity. [164] Sherman proceeded with some of his troops to Washington, where they marched in the Grand Review of the Armies on May 24, 1865. Charles Robert Sherman, was 31 and his mother, Mary Elizabeth Hoyt, was 32. For other uses, see. It is all folly, madness, a crime against civilization! [41], On May 1, 1850, Sherman married his foster sister, Ellen Boyle Ewing, who was four years and eight months his junior. [274] He later married his foster sister Ellen, who was also a devout Catholic. Mother of Elizabeth Reese Miller; Julia Willock Huggins; Margaret McComb; Robert Sherman McComb; Hoyt . [260], Proposed as a Republican candidate for the presidential election of 1884, Sherman declined as emphatically as possible, saying, "I will not accept if nominated and will not serve if elected. An elder brother became a federal judge, and. Wife of Robert McComb. Senator from Ohio [1830-1836] and later a member of the cabinet under four U.S. Presidents, William Henry . [291], In the early 20th century, Sherman's role in the Civil War attracted attention from influential British military intellectuals, including Field Marshal Lord Wolseley, Maj. Gen. J. F. C. Fuller, and especially Capt. [226] Sherman also clashed with Eastern humanitarians who were critical of the army's harsh treatment of the Indians and who had apparently found an ally in President Grant. Death: January 09, 1862 (45) Mansfield, Richland County, Ohio, United States. Sherman would eventually become one of the few high-ranking officers of the U.S. Civil War who had not fought in Mexico. This country will be drenched in blood, and God only knows how it will end. Their second-oldest daughter Mary Elizabeth Sherman (a.k.a., "Lizzie") is buried to the left. The massive Confederate attack on the morning of April 6, 1862, took most of the senior Union commanders by surprise. [205] When the city council appealed to him to rescind that order, on the grounds that it would cause great hardship to women, children, the elderly, and others who bore no responsibility for the conduct of the war,[205][206] Sherman sent a written response in which he sought to articulate his conviction that a lasting peace would be possible only if the Union were restored, and that he was therefore prepared to do all he could do to end the rebellion: You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. Friends and family, however, simply called him "Cump." 2. Some of the most recently added connections of famous kin for General William Tecumseh Sherman Alice French (aka Octave Thanet) Novelist and Short Story Writer 6th cousin 1 time removed via Rev. . Sherman had, up to that point, achieved mixed success as a general, and controversy attached especially to his performance at Chattanooga. "General Sherman" and "William Sherman" redirect here. [279], Some modern historians have characterized Sherman as a deist in the manner of Thomas Jefferson,[280] while others identify him as an agnostic who accepted many Christian values but lacked faith. Sherman's nine-year-old son, Willie, the "Little Sergeant", died from typhoid fever contracted during the trip. [215] One of the most serious accusations against Sherman was that he allowed his troops to burn the city of Columbia. Along with fellow Lieutenants Henry Halleck and Edward Ord, Sherman embarked from New York City on the 198-day journey around Cape Horn, aboard the converted sloop USS Lexington. Civil war-era biographies that can double as doorstops seem to be in vogue again. [91], With a heavy rain coming down [at the end of the first day of fighting at Shiloh, Sherman] came upon Grant standing under a large oak tree, his cigar glowing in the darkness. When Grant became President of the United States in March 1869, Sherman succeeded him as Commanding General of the Army. In October, Sherman succeeded Anderson in command of that department. It was a bitterly cold day and a friend of Johnston, fearing that the general might become ill, asked him to put on his hat. General William Tecumseh Sherman's brothers were a stellar group and a man like Sherman knew, that in order to stay out of political and military hot water, one needed to keep it All In The Family. He is perhaps the most eccentric general of the Civil War. Besides, where are your men and appliances of war to contend against them? [57] Colonel Joseph P. Taylor, brother of the late President Zachary Taylor, declared that "if you had hunted the whole Army, from one end of it to the other, you could not have found a man in it more admirably suited for the position in every respect than Sherman."[58]. Eventually, Sherman won approval from his superiors for a plan to cut loose from his communications and march south, having advised Grant that he could "make Georgia howl". He stood by me when I was crazy, and I stood by him when he was drunk; and now, sir, we stand by each other always. "[284][285], "Since the public mind has settled to the conclusion that the institution of slavery was so interwoven in our system that nothing but the interposition of Providence and horrid war could have eradicated it, and now that it is in the distant past, and that we as a nation, North and South, East and West, are the better for it, we believe that the war was worth to us all it cost in life and treasure." In response to this threat, Grant instructed Sherman to attack Johnston. Historian Mark Grimsley promoted the use of the term "hard war" to refer to this strategy in the context of the U.S. Civil War. William Tecumseh Sherman's early military career was a near disaster, having to be temporarily relieved of command. He tells us what he thought and what he felt, and he never strikes any attitudes or pretends to feel anything he does not feel. [226] To escape from these difficulties, Sherman moved his headquarters to St. Louis in 1874. . Born 12 Jul 1618 in Dedham, Essex, England Ancestors Son of Edmund Sherman and Grace (Makin) Sherman Brother of Edmund Sherman, Anne Sherman, Joan Sherman, Hester (Sherman) Warde, Richard Sherman, Bezaleel Sherman, John Sherman and Grace (Sherman) Livermore Husband of Sarah (Mitchell) Sherman married before 1640 [location unknown] Descendants [238][239] Sherman encouraged bison hunting by private citizens and, when Congress passed a law in 1874 to protect the bison from over-hunting, Sherman helped convince President Grant to use a pocket veto to prevent it from coming into force. [228] In one instance, he was summoned to testify as a witness in Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial. In fact, Sherman's first command was a brigade of three-month volunteers who fought in the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861. Charles Robert Sherman father Mary Sherman mother About Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman (USA) [165], Sherman was not an abolitionist before the war and, like others of his time and background, he did not believe in "Negro equality". War & Affiliation Civil War / Union. [150], Sherman captured Columbia, the state capital, on February 17, 1865. Sherman survived two shipwrecks and floated through the Golden Gate on the overturned hull of a foundering lumber schooner. On April 20, Sherman dispatched a memorandum with those terms to the government in Washington. [83] While he was at home, his wife Ellen wrote to his brother, Senator John Sherman, seeking advice and complaining of "that melancholy insanity to which your family is subject". Add a caption. "[272] He is buried in Calvary Cemetery in St. He was born in Lancaster, Ohio, on February 8, 1820. Unbeknownst to Sherman, Grant abandoned his advance, and Sherman's river expedition met more resistance than expected. In studies I always held a respectable reputation with the professors, and generally ranked among the best, especially in drawing, chemistry, mathematics, and natural philosophy. In his Memoirs, Sherman commented on the political pressures of 18641865 to encourage the escape of slaves, in part to avoid the possibility that "able-bodied slaves will be called into the military service of the rebels". William Tecumseh Sherman was born 8 February 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, into a family of eleven. This meeting was memorialized in G. P. A. Healy's painting The Peacemakers. William Tecumseh Sherman, c. 1860-65. [212] One of Sherman's tactics was to destroy the railways by pulling up the rails, heating them over a bonfire, and twisting them to leave behind what came to known as "Sherman's neckties". Artillery and saw action in Florida in the Second Seminole War. They are a peaceable people but an earnest people, and they will fight, too. "[220] Historian James M. McPherson has concluded that: The fullest and most dispassionate study of this controversy blames all parties in varying proportionsincluding the Confederate authorities for the disorder that characterized the evacuation of Columbia, leaving thousands of cotton bales on the streets (some of them burning) and huge quantities of liquor undestroyed Sherman did not deliberately burn Columbia; a majority of Union soldiers, including the general himself, worked through the night to put out the fires.
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